黄河流域农业生产现状及其结构调整   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈印军  吴凯  卢布  袁璋  许越先 《地理科学进展》2005,24(4):106-113

2003年黄河流域耕地面积占全国的12.4%，粮食总产占全国的7.7%，棉花总产占全国的3.4%，苹果总产占全国的40.6%。尽管粮棉产量占全国的比重不大，然而，黄河流域的农业仍是我国重要的生态屏障，是国家生态安全和区域食品安全的保证。本流域农业生产中存在的问题主要为生产水平低、农业结构单一、社会需求与资源环境之间的矛盾突出等。根据农业生产的现状与存在问题、结构调整的原则和比较优势分析，该流域农业结构调整的关键是强化特色农业的发展，即大力发展特色种植业、草食畜牧业、优质果业和特色生物医药产业。据预测，由于特色农业的发展，2000～2020年本流域农林牧渔业总产值年增长率将为3.9%，农业产值所占比重将下降11.0个百分点，牧业产值所占比重将上升12.1个百分点。  相似文献   

MICAPS系统下温,压,湿曲线图的自动绘制     

布亚林  李飞 《气象与环境科学》2000,(2):33-34

利用MICAPS系统本身所具有的图像放大、缩小、移动、模拟动画等功能 ,将日常手工绘制的温、压、湿曲线图移植到计算机上。利用开发出的绘图软件 ,即可将原始资料加工成具有一定格式的文本文件 ,并生成温、压、湿曲线图供日常业务使用  相似文献   

Using hydrogeochemical data to trace groundwater flow paths in a cold alpine catchment     

Yalu Hu  Rui Ma  Yanxin Wang  Qixin Chang  Shuo Wang  Mengyan Ge  Jianwei Bu  Ziyong Sun 《水文研究》2019,33(14):1942-1960

Significant uncertainty remains in understanding the groundwater flow pathways in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic data as well as hydrogeological data were combined to explore the groundwater flow path in a representative cold alpine catchment in the headwater region of the Heihe River. The results indicate that the suprapermafrost groundwater chemical components were mainly affected by calcite dissolution and evaporation, whereas the geochemistry of subpermafrost groundwater was controlled by dolomite and gypsum dissolution, calcite precipitation, and albite and halite dissolution. Distinct hydrogeochemical characteristics and controlling processes suggest a poor hydraulic connectivity between the suprapermafrost and subpermafrost groundwater. The hydraulic connectivity between permafrost groundwater and groundwater in the seasonally frozen area was confirmed by their similar hydrogeochemical features. In the seasonally frozen area, a silty clay layer with low permeability separates the aquifer into the deep (depth >20 m) and shallow (depth <20 m) flow paths. The deep groundwater was characterized by the enhanced dedolomitization and enhanced cation exchange processes compared with the shallow groundwater. Groundwater in the seasonally frozen area finally discharges as base flow into the stream. These results provide useful information about the groundwater flow systems in the unique alpine gorge catchments in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The above findings suggest that the permafrost distribution and the aquifer structures within the seasonally frozen area have significant impact on groundwater flow paths. Cross‐validation by drilling work and hydrograph data confirms that the hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers combined with field investigations can be relatively low‐cost tools in interpreting the groundwater flow paths in similar alpine catchments.  相似文献   

Estimating non-point source pollutant loads for the large-scale basin of the Yangtze River in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiao Wang  Fanghua Hao  Hongguang Cheng  Shengtian Yang  Xuan Zhang  Qingsong Bu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(5):1079-1092

Taking advantage of the opportunity provided by the nationally funded Water Resources Integrated Planning and Investigation of China program (WRIPI), a model was established to estimate non-point source pollutant loads in a large-scale basin (ENPS-LSB) on the basis of hydrological processes and pollutant transport. The model made use of Environment for Visualizing Images software (ENVI) and Interactive Data Language (IDL) and took the characteristics of present-day China into account: a huge rural population scattered widely, marginal rural infrastructure and livestock cultivation based on scatter-feeding. The model was divided into two sections: one on dissolved and one on adsorbed pollutant loads. The dissolved loads were divided into four different types: those originating from agricultural fields, urban areas, rural residential areas, and livestock. The study was undertaken in the Yangtze River Basin. The results showed the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the total nitrogen (TN), the total phosphorous (TP), and the ammonia nitrogen (NH₃–N) loads to be 2.6 × 10⁶, 1.6 × 10⁶, 9.3 × 10⁵ and 3.1 × 10⁵ tons, respectively, in the year 2000. The dissolved COD resulted mainly from rural residential areas and livestock; 76.8% of the dissolved TN and 86.4% of the dissolved TP produced were from agricultural fields. The Yangtze River Delta, the lower reaches of the Han River, and part of the Dongting Lake, Taihu Lake and Poyang Lake basins all had relatively high dissolved pollutant loads; adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus loads were mainly observed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. Dissolved loads were most affected by human activity, whereas adsorbed loads were most affected by natural factors. The results showed that the model performed well on large scale, describing pollutant loads effectively. This makes it possible to properly consider not only point source pollutant discharge but also non-point source pollution in the Yangtze River Basin. Combining point source discharge investigation with the ENPS-LSB model could assist environmental management with controlling water pollution.  相似文献   

Simulating impact of larch caterpillar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dendrolimus superans</Emphasis>) on fire regime and forest landscape in Da Hinggan Mountains,Northeast China     

Hongwei Chen  Yuanman Hu  Yu Chang  Rencang Bu  Yuehui Li  Miao Liu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2011,21(5):575-586

Larch caterpillar (Dendrolimus superans) is very common in the Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China, affecting fire regime and forest ecosystem change at large spatio-temporal scales. In this study, we used a spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS, to simulate the changes of fire regime and forest landscape under four larch caterpillar disturbance intensity levels scenarios in Huzhong forest area, northern of Da Hinggan Mountains. The results indicate that larch caterpillar disturbances would decrease ...  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL WARMING ON VEGETATION IN NORTHEAST CHINA     

邹春静  徐文铎  卜军 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,7(1):68-78

GlObalwa-rmingisoneoftheseriousenvironmentproblemswhichattractattentionsofscientistsandgove~entsofvariouscountries.TheglobalatmOSpherecomponentschangebecauseofhtirnanactivitiesandthedevelopmentofindustry.Theincreaseofgreenhouseeffectleadstoglobalw~ng.Basedonthepredictionofgeneralcirculationmodel(GCM),bythemiddleofnextcentury,theconcentrationofopwillbedoubledandtheglobaltemperaturewillinCreasebyZt(Han,1993;She~,1983).WestudiedthelawofvegetationalterationunderthisconditioninnortheastChinain…  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of nitrification and denitrification rates of sediment in Wenruitang River,Wenzhou, China     

Lu  Shaoyong  Jin  Xiangcan  Guo  Jianning  Bu  Qingyun  Yang  Feipen  Chen  Xiping  Yao  Yuye 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(1):20-20

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THE DYNAMIC MONITORING OF HORQIN SAND LAND USING REMOTE SENSING     

HUYuan－man  JIANGYan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(3):238-243

Hurqin Sand Land is regarded as the typical region for studying the problem of desertification.The integra-tion of 3S(GIS,GPS and RS)techniques offer a most helpful method to study and monitor the dynamics of desertification.Based on the data derived from 3 periodsˊmultitemporal Landsat TM imagery of the 1990s,the regional land use and dynamo-ics of desertification in Horqin Sand Land were studied.The main results revealed that :1)as long as the general change tendency was concerned,the desertification of Horqin Sand Land would continue to spread;2)there was a gradual de-crease in the area of both moving sand dunes and semi-stabilized ones,which meant that fruitful progress had been made to control the desertification during the 1990s;3)as a result of unreasonable cultivation,the total area of stabilized sand dunes and grassland in the middle and western region decreased obviously.It suggested that the increasing damage caused by human was leading to the hazard of further desertification.So in the future,it is necessary to take more effect-tive measures to control the spread of desertification and restore the degraded ecosystems for the purpose of optimizing the global eco-environment in Horqin Sand Land.  相似文献   

吉林放牛沟硫铁多金属矿床矿物地球化学及矿床成因     

黄薰德  李富山 《吉林地质》1991,10(4):10-21

本文总结了黄铁矿、闪锌矿的成因地球化学标志;阐明了黄铁矿中元素在空间上的分带规律和在成矿过程中时间上的演化规律;建立了反映上述分带规律的回归方程组;论证了本矿床矿石中黄铁矿与磁黄铁矿间、矿石矿物与花岗岩副矿物磁铁矿间的成因联系;类比了国内外铅锌矿床上述矿物的地球化学特征。由此得出结论:放牛沟硫铁多金属矿床系岩浆热液成因,其成矿物质主要来自后庙岭花岗岩深部岩浆源。铅锌矿主要在中温条件下形成,接触带矿体与外接触带矿体属同一成矿系列。放牛沟矿床与后庙岭花岗岩系同一岩浆—热液系统的产物。  相似文献   

地磁感应电流研究综述     

步宛烨  张慧茜  黄清华 《地球与行星物理论评》2022,53(1):53-65

因太阳活动而引起的地磁扰动,会在地球表面感生出地电场,从而在地表附近的导体系统中产生地磁感应电流(GICs).太阳表面的异常活动而引起的磁暴会导致强烈的GICs,严重威胁电信设备、电网、油气管道和铁路运输网络等基础设施系统的安全运行,已经成为最严重的空间天气灾害之一.因此,对GICs进行深入研究以建立对其做出迅速预测的能力,在科学和应用方面都有重要意义.本文综述了GICs的研究进展,从引入空间天气的概念开始,将GICs作为从太阳活动到太阳风再到地球扰动的空间天气链的最终环节;重点阐述了GICs的计算中所涉及的三个步骤:地球表面地磁场重建、感应地电场的计算,以及地面导体系统中GICs计算;对每一步骤中主要方法的相关原理和应用做了简要介绍与评估;最后总结了当前GICs的研究现状,并对未来GICs的研究方向与挑战进行了展望.  相似文献